"Perhaps of all the creations of man, language is the most astonishing" Lytton Strachey (The Second Draft)

        From all the inventions of ancient world, language is probably the only one that contributed to the progress of human kind most. It had and continues to play an important role in man's life. Only through communication humans succeeded to share with what they had done during a day, to express their feelings and to develop their intellect. 

       Nobody can say exactly how language came into being. It is only known that humans appeared first and then the language. There are several theories of the origin of the language. Some researchers strongly believe that language is a gift of the Gods to humans. Moreover, researchers are inclined to believe that people have a Language Acquisition Device that represents an innate predisposition to acquire language easily since they are children because language is considered to be an internal component of the brain or mind. Some linguists believe that people are genetically programmed to learn language. There is a classification of theories into invention/imitation theories and necessity theories. Invention or imitation theories are: ding-dong, pooh-pooh, bow-wow and ta-ta theory while the necessity theories are: warning, yo-he-ho and lying. These theories state different points of view why people began to speak. According to them, people started to imitate in order to communicate among them. People felt that they needed to communicate and this fact determined them to express their thoughts and feelings.

       Language is the most significant means of communication in any society. It is a system of symbols through which people express their thoughts, ideas and feelings. As a matter of fact, people use language all the time, either consciously or unconsciously. They use language while speaking, while thinking, while gesturing and even while dreaming. Language is a social phenomenon because people wouldn't be able to live in a society, to keep social relations without language. Being in society, people communicate with all the members of their communities using the language they speak. Due to language, interpersonal relations are kept as well. Man is the only being who has the ability of speaking. It is the language which differentiate humans from animals.

       Humans are able to communicate verbally and non-verbally. People use language in verbal communication, symbols, signs, sound and paralinguistic means in order to transmit a message. Symbols may be spoken, written or signed with the hands. There is a classification of signs into natural, conventional and linguistic. A sign generates different meanings depending on the culture in which it takes place and people who use it. 

       Language implies not only words but it implies body language as well. It has a special term in linguistics "Kinesics" which refers to body movements, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, body positions, forms of greeting and their relation to communication. In their communication people use gestures, facial expressions, body movements, etc. which become a part of the language. 

      In conclusion, I would like to point out that language is a very significant communication tool used by people. It is a characteristic which gives everybody the possibility to communicate, express their thoughts, opinions and maintain social relations within a society. Man can be proud that he has managed to design the most astonishing invention ever which is called Language.

"Perhaps of all creations of man language is the most astonishing" - Giles Lytton Strachey

       I am inclined to agree with what G.L.Strachey claimed. From all inventions of ancient civilizations the language is the best one. It is considered to be the definition of humanity because there where people are there language exists. Some arguments are provided in order to prove that language is the most astonishing creation of humans.
       Firstly, language is a means of communication in any society. It is a system of symbols through which people express their thoughts, ideas, feelings and understand each other, in a word communicate. Generally, people use language in every single action they daily do. People realize that language can exist only in the human society because it is an result which appears after what people interact. This is due to the fact that man is the only being who has the ability of speaking. The language is the characteristic possessed by people which differentiate them from animals.
       In the second place, people can use other means of communication such as symbols and signs which are interpreted in the human language. The symbols and signs are shared by the members of one community. Symbols may be spoken, written or signed with the hands. There are some types of signs which are natural, conventional and linguistic. Natural signs are those which happen around people as natural result and which communicate a certain message. For example, a footprint is a natural sign left on a soft surface. In contrast, people are likely to use more conventional signs. Conventional signs are the auditory and visual devices created in order to transmit messages from one person to another. They have different meanings in different situations. The linguistic signs are the abstract structures which participate in a linguistic system or language.
      Thirdly, people use either verbal communication or non-verbal one. The non-verbal communication is called body language too. It has a special term "Kinesics" which refers to body movements, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, body possitions, forms of greeting and their relation to communication. Some kinds of body movements such as yawning, stretching are physiological, others like staring, showing a victory sign are personally and culturally determined.
      Later, nobody can say exactly how language came into being. It is only known that humans appeared first and then the language. This leads to some theories according to which it is believed that the language was created by man. First of all, they say that language is a gift of the Gods to humans. Next, humans evolved a Language Acquisitions Device. One theory suggests this perhaps gave Homo sapiens an advantage over Homo neatherthalis. Some other 6 theories are divided into invention or imitation hypotheses and neccessity hypotheses. Invention or imitation hypotheses are: ding-dong hypothesis, pooh-pooh hypothesis, bow-wow hypothesis and ta-ta hypothesis while the necessity hypotheses are: warning hypothesis, yo-he-ho hypothesis and lying hypothesis. These hypotheses state different points why people began to speak by in the end they claim that language appeared due to humans.
       In conclusion, I would like to point out that language is a very significant property possessed by people. It is a characteristic which gives everybody the possibilty to communicate, express his/her thoughts, opinions and maintain certain relations with those around him/her. Man can be proud that he has managed to discover the most astonishing tool ever which is called Language.

Analysis of the short story "Cat in the Rain" by Ernest Hemingway (The 2nd Draft)

         In his short story "Cat in the Rain" Ernest Hemingway reveals how lonely one can be in a marriage. An American couple decides to spend their vacation in a hotel in Italy. Their room faces the sea, the public garden and the war monument too. It is raining and the American wife looks through the window. Suddenly, she sees a cat under a table who tries to accomodate herself and the girl decides to get it. She tells her husband, George that she wants that kitty. Her husband proposes his help but in the end he tells his wife not to get wet. As she goes downstairs she meets the hotel-keeper whom the girl likes very much. When the woman wants to go to get that cat, the maid joins her with an umbrella. The American wife doesn't find the cat and she is disappointed. She becomes very sad. When the American girl goes back to her husband she asks him if she should let her hair to grow out. George said that it is good as it is. The girl tells her husband that she also wants to have a kitty, a table with her own silver and candles and some new clothes. George tells his wife to shut up and to get something to read. The woman says that anyway she wants a cat. Unexpectedly, somebody knocks at the door and it is the maid. As the hotel-keeper order her to bring the cat for the woman she does it.
         The title of the short story is very symbolic. It is a direct allusion to the American girl. As the cat is in the rain, under a table, feeling inconvenient, lonely, forgotten so feels herself the American girl in her marriage. The woman sees herself in that cat. She is like that poor kitty in the rain, also being lonely and forgotten.
         E. Hemingway uses a lot of symbols in his short story that show the degree of loneliness. One of the symbols is the image of the cat in the rain. It is the pet who people used to sympathize, are sorry of and want to take care of. The cat may also symbolize the home, the atmosphere, the coziness that people feel being home within the family. Another symbol of the home are the candles and the silver. Such words as "rain, water, sea, pools, dripped, slipped back, glisten" emphasize the idea of loneliness and depression and create an image of sadness. The author keeps reminding the reader about the weather in order to point out the terrible, hopeless situation in which the American girl has got.
         One of the main character of the story is the American wife. The woman does not have a name because she is simply named "The American wife, The American girl". This means that George is superior than his wife. As Hemingway does not directly characterize the American girl it emphasizes her incapacity to change something in their family. She wants a change but she cannot do anything for this. The wife's appearance is not described but her features can be deduced from her actions. The girl likes the hotel-keeper and is very satisfied by his respect and good attitude towards her: "The wife liked him.She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands." This means that the American girl wants to be a woman, to have somebody to take care of her. The hotel-keeper is the only person at that very moment to treat the woman the way she wants.
The American wife wants her husband to demonstrate and show his love for her. The wife always complains, she repeats many times "want, new, like". She wants a child and that is why she always mentions about the cat who she wants to take care of. The wife wants to feel like a true woman, to be a woman. The example that highlights this idea can be "I get so tired of it,’ she said. ‘I get so tired of looking like a boy."
The cat "crouched under one of the dripping green tables"; "was trying to make herself so compact that she would not be dripped on " represents the symbol of loneliness. These examples create an image of that poor kitty who tries to make herself convenient in the rain, under the table. The girl wants to make herself convenient and comfortable in her family too. The fact that the author uses "she" instead of it for the cat points out the idea that the woman and the cat are alike. The woman feels lonely and insecure and she has a lot of affection to give to somebody. She wants to save that cat as she sees herself in the kitty. In such a way she believes that there will be somebody to rescue her or by protecting the cat she wants to protect herself.  
        The other main character of this story is the American wife's husband whose name is George. The repetitions "Her husband went on reading”, “George was reading again”, “George was on the bed, reading " highlight George's absorption in books. The only activity that he does is only reading books. He hides himself behind books and does not want to know the reality. The husband is not insistent because he proproses his help to his wife only once. The only thing that he tells her is not to get wet. "Oh, shut up and get something to read,’ George said. He was reading again." underlines George's indifference and disrespect towards his wife and the fact that he does not love her.
      The hotel-keeper is the minor character. He is a total opposition of the husband. While he is good and kind the husband is indifferent and careless. The hotel-keeper's attitude towards the American wife is very good. It indicates how the relationship between the wife and her husband should be. The epithets "big hands, old heavy face" stand for lack of protection, care and tenderness from George. There is repeated so many times the word "likes" in "The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands". So, that emphasizes all the qualities the girl would like to notice in her husband.
     The maid is the episodic character of the short story. She is very nice and does everything the hotel-keeper tells her. "As she stood in the doorway an umbrella opened behind her. It was the maid who looked after their room." and "With the maid holding the umbrella over her" emphasize the nicest favour done for the American wife. Another maid's feature is highlighted when she brings the cat to the girl and she apologizes : "Excuse me". This proves that the maid is well-mannered and polite. Actually, the maid is the reflection of the hotel-keeper and how good and kind he is. Her role in this short story is to stress how different is the hotel keeper from the American wife's husband.
      The denoument takes place when the maid brings "a big tortoiseshell cat pressed tight against her" to the American wife. The hotel-keeper has noticed the American wife's desire to have a cat so that he orders the maid to get that cat for the girl. At the end, the American wife and her husband remain the same because the whole situation teaches them nothing at all. The wife is the only one who has realized that they need some changes in their marriage but anyway she cannot do anything. She goes on like her husband - doing nothing to change the situation. 

Analysis of the short story "Cat in the Rain" by E.Hemingway

        In his short story "Cat in the Rain" Ernest Hemingway reveals that one believes he/she is happy in family and marriage in spite of misunderstanding and loneliness. The author also states the idea of family routine. E.Hemingway sets the story in a hotel in Italy. Firstly, there appears an American couple who decides to spend their vacation there: an American wife and her husband, George. The American wife sees a cat "crouched under one of the dripping green tables". She decides to get the cat. The cat seems to be like a symbol for her. The American girl wants love, care, attention and affection from her husband. Instead, George lies on the bed, reading a book. So, her main focus from which to get love and attention becomes the cat.
         When the girl tries to get the cat it runs away. She was disappointed. She tells George that "It isn’t any fun to be a poor kitty out in the rain". The American woman feels pity for it. Actually, the cat is pretty much alike to her. The kitty represents the symbol of "loneliness". As it is lonely in the rain so is the American girl although she is married. Moreover, E.Hemingway personifies the cat calling it "she". In such a way, the author compares the cat with the girl. She wants to save that cat because she does not have anybody else to take care of. The American girl feels lonely and insecure that is why she wants to rescue that kitty.
         Other things representing "loneliness" is the rain and the water. Some words adhered to this image are: "water, sea, glisten, dripped, pools." The author is always mentioning that it is raining. The rain emphasizes the hopeless situation for the American wife. She seems to be the only one who cares about the marriage. Moreover, there is an image of "the war monument" which "glistened in the rain" and "empty square" which support the idea of loneliness.
         The title fits the content perfectly. Actually, it hides a deep meaning. The title is an allusion to the American wife. As the cat is in the rain, lonely and nobody notices it, except the American girl, so is he. The girl seems to be lonely in her marriage.
         The main character is the American couple. The wife is not described directly by the author. E.Hemingway has not even given her a name. She is simply named "The American wife, The American girl". Some of wife's features of character can be depicted from her behaviour: "The wife liked him.She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands."
This means that the American girl likes the hotel-keeper. She likes all the things about him. She seems to be satisfied by the respect the hotel-keeper shows for her. As the American girls wants attention, care the only person who gives her attention is the hotel-keeper.
        The desire to be loved, to get attention from someone represents the conflict of this short story. The conflict is the inner one of the American wife. She struggles for the family situation, for the marriage, for the relationship between her and her husband, for the right to be happy and loved.
        Another main character of this story is the husband. His name is George. He is always reading a book. When his wife tells him that she wants to get the cat from the rain he suggests his help. But she refuses. After this, "George goes on reading, lying propped up with the two pillows at the foot of the bed". He is not insistent that is why he appears to be indifferent. But throughrout the story, everything is not so bad. George is not so indifferent, he loves her wife. George changes his possition and tries to demonstrate his attitude. But his wife wants more. She wants him to demonstrate and show his love for her. The wife  is always complaining, she repeats many time "want, new, like". May be that the wife wants a child and that is why she is always mentioning about the cat who she wants to take care of. The wife wants to feel like a true woman, to be a woman. The example that highlights this idea can be‘I get so tired of it,’ she said. ‘I get so tired of looking like a boy.’
      The hotel-keeper is one of the minor characters. His attitude towards the American wife is very good. It indicates how the relationship between the wife and her husband should be. The epithets "big hands, old heavy face" reveals the things that the wife manages to notice. These things stand for lack of protection and care from George. There is repeated so many times the word "likes" so that emphasizes all the qualities the girl would like to notice in her husband.
       Another minor character is the maid. The maid is very nice. "As she stood in the doorway an umbrella opened behind her. It was the maid who looked after their room." and "With the maid holding the umbrella over her" emphasizes the nicest favour done for the American wife. Another feature of the maid's behaviour is highlighted when she brings the cat to the girl and she apologizes : "Excuse me". This proves that the maid is well-mannered and polite.
      In the story, there are some stylistic devices commonly used. Firstly, there are many repetitions. For example, "The wife liked him.[.....] She liked his old, heavy face and big hands." Other examples of repetitions are the words "rain, cat, read, the war monument". Except repetition, the prevailing stylistic device is symbolism. Hemingway uses so many symbolisms. The centre for the symbols is "the cat". The cat represent the symbol of loneliness It is the pet who people used to sympathize, are pitty of and want to take care of. The cat may also symbolize the home, the atmosphere, the coziness that people feel being home within the family. Another symbol of the home are the candles and the silver. The symbol of the war is represented by the war monument. "The rain" is the symbol of loneliness, lack of hope, sadness. All the repetitions and symbols are used in order to pay the reader's attention.
      The story ends with the fact that the maid brings "a big tortoiseshell cat pressed tight against her" to the American wife. The hotel-keeper orders to the maid to do this because the maid says ‘the padrone asked me to bring this for the Signora.’ In such a way, the girl's dream comes true.

   

Benefits and Challenges of Students' Internship in Moldovan Schools (The Final Variant)

         Internship is the period for providing students with real world experience that helps them to explore or gain the knowledge and skills required in a particular career. In Moldova, the internship is a significant part of training for a future career. Generally, the internship is unpaid. Most student internships last between four and six weeks and occur during the second, third or fourth year of study.
         One benefit of the internship is that the interns get wide experience in their field of study. The interns try to take the knowledge accumulated in the classroom and apply it to the real world. This means that the interns are able to promote prepared lessons very well and to explain the material easily to pupils.
         The students use the internship to determine finally if they have made the right career choice. During the period of internship the students work hard, preparing all the materials and equipements needed for the lessons. As a consequence, the interns realize if they like their profession.
        Some interns might find a future employment in the instututions where they did their internship. This is a significant benefit for interns. They should not search for a service anymore after finishing their studies. While doing their internship, the principal of the institution, the deputy and other employeers can see the quality of the interns'work. If the principal of the institution likes the interns'performance, he/she can invite interns to work if there are any vacancies.
        However, there are some challenges that prevent a better unfolding of the intership. Firstly, the interns can have troubles with some pupils. There are different children and they have different behaviour and attitudes towards the interns. Some pupils are very obedient, smart and like the lessons promoted by the interns. The interns are young and have much energy that attracts the pupils. The students apply many interesting, colourful materials which draw pupils'attention during the lessons. In such a way, the pupils become closer to the interns and have a good attitude towards them. In contrast, there are children whose attitude is negative towards the interns. Another reason  is that, as a rule, internships are very short and children do not manage to get used to students'way of teaching.
         The second challenge is time. A lesson in schools is extremely short for teachers. The interns might not manage to do everything what they have planned for that lesson.
         Another challenge is when the interns are strained in the following situations. The interns can get shy when they are speaking in front of the class or when they make a mistake either in spelling or in written. The interns get some remarks from the teacher or even when they do not receive any feedback from the pupils are also reasons for bothering.
         As seen, the intership is an outstanding way to establish some important connections that are priceless for developing and maintaining a strong professional network for the future. Although, there are certain challenges met by the interns to become good teachers. The interns should overcome the challenges and take advantage of the benefits offered by the intership.
       

Benefits and Challenges of Students’ Internship in Moldovan Schools

         Internship is the period of providing a student with real world experience that helps him/her to explore or gain the knowledge and skills required in a particular career. In Moldova, the internship is a significant part of preparation for career above graduation. Interns are the university students and college students. Generally, the internship is unpaid. Most student internships last between four and six weeks and occur during the second, third or fourth year of study.
         One benefit of the internship is that intern gets a wide experience in their field of study. The intern tries to take what's learned in the classroom and apply it to the real world. Naturally, the manager of the institution is looking for intern who can apply his/her academic knowledge. Ideally, the intern has the practical work experience in which they demonstrate their abilities.
         The student uses the internship to determine finally if s/he has a genuine interest for the chosen career.  During the period of internship the individual works hard, prepares very well all that required, materials, equipements. As a consequence, the intern realizes if he/she likes his/her profession.
        Some interns might find a job in the instututions where they did their internship. This is a significant benefit for interns. They should not search for a job anymore after finishing their studies. While doing their internship, the principal of the institution, the deputy and other employeers can see the quality of interns' job. If the principal of the institution likes the work done, he/she can invite interns to work if there are any vacations.
        Except benefits mentioned above, the internship has certain obstacoles that the interns might face.Firstly, the interns can have troubles with some pupils. There are different kids and they have different behaviour and attitudes towards the interns. Some children are very obedient, smart and like lessons promoted by interns who use many interesting, modern methods and strategies of teaching. In such a way, pupils become closer to interns and have a good attitude towards them. In contrast, there are children whose attitude is bad towards interns, because they have already get familiar to their teacher. Another reason for it is that, as a rule, internships are very short in term and children don't managed to acquaint students.
         The second challenge is the time. A lesson in schools is extremely short for teachers. The intern might not manage to do everything what he/she has planned for that lesson. If the intern doesn't manage to do whatever he/she has planned he/she will change the tact of working, some methods and techniques of teaching.
         Another challenge is when the intern is strained in the following situations. The intern can get shy when he/she is speaking in front of the class or when he/she does a mistake either in spelling or in written. The intern gets some remarks from the teacher or even when he/she doesn't receive any feedback from the pupils are also reasons for bothering.
        The student should be responsible for the knowledge he/she shares with pupils. He/she should pay attention to everything that he/she is doing during the lesson is admissible. The material should be understandable and acceptable for pupils's level.
        As seen, the intership is an outstanding way to establish some important connections that are priceless for developing and maintaining a strong professional network for the future. Although, there are certain challenges met by interns. In order to become a good teacher, the interns should overcome them and take advantage of the benefits offered by the intership.
       

Benefits and Challenges of Student's Intership In Moldova

         Internship is the period of training for a job, either for professional or white-collar careers. In Moldova, the internship is offered as part of the national curriculum to secondary school students or those who study at university. Generally, these placements are unpaid. Most student internships last between four and six weeks and occur during the second, third or fourth year of study. Yet, internship has certain benefits and challenges.
         One benefit of the internship is that the individual gets a large, wide experience in his/her field of study. This means that practicing everyday out of his/her classroom, the intern gets an experience of teaching by himself/herself already, not simply studying. Another opportunity is that the intern develops his oral discourse and communication skills because the teacher is supposed to make speeches in front of the class everyday.
         The student uses the internship to determine finally if s/he shows an interest for the chosen career.
During the period of internship the individual works hard, prepares very well all requirements, materials, equipements. In the result, the intern realizes if he/she likes his/her profession.
        Some interns find a permanent, paid job in the instututions where they did their internship. This is a significant benefit for interns. They shouldn't look up for a job anymore after finishing their studies. While doing their internship, the manager of the institution, the vice-manager and other employeers can see the
quality of interns' job. If the manager of the institution likes the work done, he/she can invite interns to work if there are any vacations.
          There are some challenges of the internship, too. Firstly, the trainer can have troubles with some pupils. There are different kids and they have different behaviour and attitudes towards the intern.
         The second challenge is the time. The time for one lesson in schools is extremely little for teachers. The intern might not manage to do everything what he/she has planned for that lesson.
         Another challenge for some trainers is emotions. The intern can get shy when he/she is speaking in front of the class, when he/she does a mistake either in spelling or in written, when the trainer gets some remarks from the teacher or even when the trainer doesn't receive any feedback from the pupils.
        A challenge that a intern can meet is the responsibility for what he/she is doing and teaching at the lessons. The trainer should be responsible for what knowledge he/she shares with the pupils. He/she should pay attention whether the knowledge he/she is sharing with the pupils corresponds with their level.
As seen, there are many befenits and challenges the interns can meet while doing their interships. The students can profit of some advantages which they are offered by the intership. Nevertheless, the interns should overcome the challenges of their intership in order to prove that they are good teachers and professionals.